
From an economic standpoint, the nation’s fiscal status has been turned upside down—from a federal budget swimming in surpluses to one deeply in deficit, despite the U.S. not being in recession or officially at war. Since then, the world has become even more dangerous, with the Iran war, Russia’s war on Ukraine, and China’s adventures in the Pacific. The Up & Down Wall Street written directly after the 9/11 attacks predicted a marked increase in spending for national security.

























